Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expansion on Nocturnal Enuresis: A Literature Review
Keywords:
Rapid maxillary expansion, Nocturnal enuresis, Nasal breathingAbstract
Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a dentofacial orthopedictreatment procedure which has been routinely used to correcttransversal maxillary skeletal and/or dental constriction.Application of RME not only expands the constricted maxillabut also results in an increase in nasopharyngeal airwaydimensions, improvement in nasal respiration in patientswith abnormal breathing patterns, and better blood oxygensaturation. It is known that adenotonsillectomy significantlyreduces nocturnal enuresis in patients having upper airwayobstruction and/or breathing problems. Some authors haveshown that RME was also effective on reducing or ceasingnocturnal enuresis (bed-wetting) in patients with maxillaryconstriction. The results of these uncontrolled clinical trialsshowed that the success rate of the treatment varied from 47percent to 100 percent The purpose of this article is to reviewthe etiology and pathophysiology of nocturnal enuresis andthe studies investigating the effects of RME on nocturnal enuresisin growing children.Downloads
References
Rushton HG. Nocturnal enuresis: Epidemiology, evaluation, and current available treatment options. J Pediatr. 1989;114:691-6.
Mammen AA, Ferrer FA. Nocturnal enuresis: medical management. Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31:491-8.
Glazener CM, Evans JH, Peto RE. Treating nocturnal enuresis in children: review of evidence. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2004;3:223-4.
Blum NJ. Nocturnal enuresis: behavioral treatments. Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31: 499-507.
Schulman SL. Voiding dysfunction in children. Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31:481-90.
Perlmutter AD. Enuresis. In: Harrison JH, Gittes RF, Perlmutter AD, Stamey TA, Walsh PC (eds). Campell’s urology. Fourth edition. Philadelphia, London, Toronto: WB Saunders Company; 1979:823-834.
Meadow SR. Enuresis. In: Edelmann CH, editors. Pediatric kidney disease. Boston: Little, Brown Company; 1978. p. 1176-1181.
Bechtold DW. Psychosocial aspects of pediatrics & child & adolescent psychiatric disorders. In: Hay WW, Hayward AR, Levin MJ, Sondheimer JM, editors. Current pediatric diagnosis & treatment. 15th edition. New York, St. Louis, San Francisco: Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 175.
Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. Philadelphia, London, New York, St. Louis, Sydney, Toronto: WB Saunders Company; 2001. p. 52-53, 580-581.
Kaplan GW. Miscellaneous urologic disorders: Enuresis. In: Kaufman JJ, editor. Current urological therapy. Second edition. Philadelphia, London, Toronto: WB Saunders Company; 1986. p. 465-466.
Yeung CK. Nocturnal enuresis (bedwetting). Curr Opin Urol. 2003;13:337-43.
Basha S, Bialowas C, Ende K, Szeremeta W. Effectiveness of adenotonsillectomy in the resolution of nocturnal enuresis secondary to obstructive sleep apnea. Laryngoscope. 2005;115:1101-3.
Cinar U, Vural C, Cakir B, Topuz E, Karaman MI, Turgut S. Nocturnal enuresis and upper airway obstruction. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;59:115-8.
Weider DJ, Sateia MJ, West RP. Nocturnal enuresis in children with upper airway obstruction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1991;105:427-32.
Weider DJ, Hauri PJ. Nocturnal enuresis in children with upper airway obstruction. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1985;9:173-82.
Bishara SE, Staley RN. Maxillary expansion: Clinical implications. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;91:3-14.
Freeman RD. Psychopharmacology and the retarded child. In: Menolascino FJ (ed). Psychiatric approach to mental retardation. New York: Basic Books: 1970;294-368.
Timms DJ. Rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 1990;60:229-33.
Kurol J, Modin H, Bjerkhoel A. Orthodontic maxillary expansion and its effect on nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 1998; 68: 225-32.
Usumez S, İşeri H, Orhan M, Basciftci FA. Effect of rapid maxillary expansion on nocturnal enuresis. Angle Orthod. 2003;73:532-8.
Schütz-Fransson U and Kurol J. Rapid Maxillary Expansion Effects on Nocturnal Enuresis in Children. Angle Orthod. 2008;78:201-8.
Norgaard JP, Rittig S, Djurhuus JC. Nocturnal enuresis: an approach to treatment based on pathogenesis. J Pediatr. 1989; 114(4 Pt 2):705-10.
Kılıç N, Oktay H. Effects of the rapid maxillary expansion on conductive hearing loss: literature review. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi 2006 (Supp l); 32-35.
Timms DJ. Rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of nasal obstruction and respiratory disease. Ear Nose Throat J. 1987;66:242-7.
Warren DW, Hershey HG, Turvey TA, Hinton VA, Hairfield WM. The nasal airway following maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;91:111-6.
Haas AJ. The treatment of maxillary deficiency by opening the midpalatal suture. Angle Orthod. 1965;35:200-17.
Hershey HG, Stewart BL, Warren DW. Changes in nasal airway resistance associated with rapid maxillary expansion. Am J Orthod. 1976;69:274-84.
Timms DJ. Some medical aspects of rapid maxillary expansion. Br J Orthod. 1974;1: 127-32.
Gray LP. Results of 310 cases of rapid maxillary expansion selected for medical reasons. J Laryngol Otol. 1975;89:601-4.
Gray LP. Rapid maxillary expansion and impaired nasal respiration. Ear Nose Throat J 1987;66:248-51.
Cistulli PA, Palmisano RG, Poole MD. Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome by rapid maxillary expansion. Sleep. 1998;21:831-5.
Pirelli P, Saponara M, Guilleminault C. Rapid maxillary expansion in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep. 2004;27:761-6.
Guilleminault C, Li KK. Maxillomandibular expansion for the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing: preliminary result. Laryngoscope. 2004;114:893-6.
Shintani T, Asakura K, Kataura A. The effect of adenotonsillectomy in children with OSA. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1998;44:51-8.
Mora R, Salami A, Passali FM, Mora F, Cordone MP, Ottoboni S, et al. OSAS in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67 Suppl 1: S229-231.
Robertson CJ. Treatment of long-standing nocturnal enuresis by mandibular advancement. Sleep Breath. 2004;8: 57-60.
