Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community – laboratory based study
Keywords:
S. aureus, MRSA, MSSA, SCCmec, Resistance, Multidrug resistance.Abstract
Objective To determine the occurrence and antibiotic resistanceof community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) isolates. Methods used In 2003-2005,consecutive samples of nasal, throat, eye, ear and genitourinarytract swabs, swabs of wound infections and soft and skintissue infections and samples of sputum obtained from outpatientssubmitted to the Laboratory with clinical indicationswere analyzed for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Thedisc diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton agar (Oxoid,Besingstoke, UK) was used to test against nine antimicrobials.Oxacillin-resistance was confirmed by E-test (AB Biodisc,Solna, Sweden). Results A total of 1583 (11.3%) nonduplicateS. aureus isolated from 13 937 samples. MRSA was detectedin 63 (4.1%) of S. aureus isolates. MRSA isolates more frequentlyfrom infected genitourinary tract and wounds thanother sites (p<0.0001). The patients in both age groups ≥65and 0-6 years of age were more frequently infected withMRSA than patients of other age groups (p=0.02). Statisticallysignificant differences in susceptibility rates betweenMSSA and MRSA isolates were found for all antibiotic tested(p=0.0053 to p<0.000). MRSA isolates were more frequentlymultidrug resistant (MDR) than MSSA isolates (p=0.0009).SCCmec type IV or V phenotype was detected in 30 (47.6%) ofMRSA isolates. Conclusion Although low MRSA prevalencewas noted, the presence of SCCmec type IV/V phenotypesin the community is of particular concern. Effective controlof dissemination of MRSA throughout the community willlikely require effective control and monitoring of nosocomialMRSA transmissionDownloads
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