Another Step Towards Natural Systematization of Microbes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5644/Radovi.51Abstract
Owing to minuteness in size, fast division, multiplication and dying, the difficulty of preservation of microbe cultures unchanged for a longer period of time, owing also to their great adaptability, the systematization of microbes proves to be very difficult. It took 150 years to phytologists and zoologists since Linne’s suggestions to adopt international principles, concepts and nomenclature of systematization of plants and animals, and it is therefore no wonder that it takes much longer to microbiologists to achieve systematization of microbes and they discuss some rudimentary principles to this day. Ježic advances his reasons and suggestions to that end in this tractate. The author pleads to separate the world of microbes into grupation equal to the worlds of plants and animals. He bases his suggestions primarily on philogenesis of microbes, on their path and position of development in a frame of the living world as a whole. The first appearance of life means not only the beginning of a living world but also the beginning of the world of microbes, and cellularization, a transition from acellular to cellular construction, from acellular to multicellular stage, represents the upper frontier between them and the world of plants and animals. We must then take into consideration that the amount of time it took from the first appearance of life to cellularization equalled at least the amount of time from cellularization to the present. That historic span, the enormous extent of time was filled with living beings of acellular structure as differing from plants and animals with cellular structure. It is on that basis that we agree with certain ideas of some of the older authors, that microbes in their present condition as immediate and closest kind and heirs of the earliest appearance of life, whence the development of plants and animals« started first, the most primitive beings, represent in relation to plants and animals a much lower stage of development. On that basis alone, the author rejects a priori the thesis that the microbes came into existence by means of retrograde evolution from highly developed forms and that their systematization is to be sought for among those more highly developed forms. Acellularity of structure which is wrongly considered by the majority of authors as unicellularity is suggested as separation limit as pointed out above while the process of cellularization is to be taken as the beginning of plant and animal worlds.
As a second basis of determining the frontier and separation of the living world Ježic takes the biocenotic part the microbes play, as well as decomposition, the decay of live matter, without which the life on this earth would have died out long ago. The author takes gradual adaptation of microbes to new developing forms of substrata as a third phenomenon of separation, on which stage the microbes must have lived, for it is only thus that they could have kept up the role of decomposition and the present highly molecular organic composition.
We place special stress on transit forms: virus as a transient form from lifeless nature, Rickettsia and PPLO groups as transients from viruses to bacteria’s and protophytes as transient forms for the world of plants, as protozoa is transient to the world of animals.
Considering ali that the author suggests that the world of microbes should be taken into account in systematization as an autonomous grupation equalling the worlds of plants and animals when dealing with the living world in general. The world of microbes should include acellular living beings on the lowest stage of phylogenetic development. We cannot include the largest group either in plants or animals (such are viruses, PPO, PPLO, Rickettsials and bacteria’s). Those would be Protists. The second group (Protophyta) such as fungi and acellular algae would form a transition towards the world of plants, and the third group (Protozoa) such as spirochaetae and protozoa in the strict sense towards the animal world in a wider sense.
Making use of acellularity and thus of phylogenetic relationship the whole group, of ecological meaning of microbes and developing gradation as chief bases of our systematization, we get much more natural bases and trends, new principles and concepts for the grupation within the world of microbes as well.
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