Review of Behavioral Risks Among Kazakhstani Adolescents and the Experience ofEstablishing a Health School in Kazakhstan

Abstract

Objective. This study aimed to investigate long-term trends in the prevalence of behavioral risk factors among adolescents in Kazakhstan and highlight a successful preventive intervention, specifically the establishment of a health school.

Materials and Methods. The authors analyzed publications from the past 10 years to monitor behavioral risk factors, existing trends among adolescents in Kazakhstan and abroad, and recommendations and guidelines from global health authorities.

Results. Alongside a decline in tobacco and alcohol consumption, there has been an observed increase in obesity, vaping, depression, use of digi- tal devices, and engagement with TikTok. A model is proposed based on implementing a Preventive Program by establishing a Health School, guided by international best practices and recommendations. 

Conclusion. In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in public health behavior in Kazakhstan. While tobacco use and alcohol abuse have declined, new challenges are emerging, such as increasing rates of obesity among adolescents and excessive engagement with online games, gadgets, and social media. Simultaneously, physical activity levels have significantly decreased. To promote healthy lifestyle habits, a Health School was established at the Republican Sanatorium “Alatau” under the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan.