Acta Medica Academica
type: channel
description: Editor-in-Chief: Husref Tahirović EDITORIAL CONTACT INFORMATION Acta Medica Academica Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bistrik 7, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Tel.: + 387 33 560 718; Fax.: + 387 33 560 703 Contact Person: Nerma Tanović; E-mail: amabih@anubih.ba This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
publisher: Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina
language: en
publication name: Acta Medica Academica
issn: 1840-1848
items: Euglycemic Ketoacidosis: An Overlap of Diabetic and Non-diabetic Causes
items: Effects of Anti-Gravity Treadmill Training on Functional Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
items: Epidemiology and Prevention of Lung Cancer in Europe: A review of Burden, Disparities, and the Path to Equitable Early Detection
items: Chronic Neutropenia in Children: A Single-Center Experience
items: Indications and Complications of Total Thyroidectomy in the Management of Thyroid Diseases: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in a Greek Population
items: Genomic and Molecular Characterisation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the National SARI Surveillance System Across Three Consecutive Seasons in North Macedonia (2022-2025)
items: Propranolol in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas: A Single-CenterExperience
items: The Impact of the Russo‑Ukrainian War on Ukrainian Scholarly Publishing andResearch Directions: A Bibliometric Analysis
items: A Meta-Analysis of Whole Blood Cholinesterase Activity in Healthy RuminantsUsing a Modified Electrometric Measurement Method
items: Uvodna riječ (VIII. javni sastanak)
items: Završna riječ (VIII. Javni sastanak)
items: Završna riječ (III. javni sastanak)
items: Uvodna riječ (III. javni sastanak)
items: O javnim sastancima Odjeljenja medicinskih nauka Akademije nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine
items: Workplace Violence Against Nurses in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study on ItsFrequency, Impact, and Solutions
items: Criterion Validity of the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) in Croatian OlderAdults
items: Gastrocolic Trunk: Anatomical Variations and Surgical Significance
items: A Rare Cadaveric Case Report of the Median Nerve Passing Through the Brachialis Muscle
items: Developmental Trajectories and Outcomes of Online Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
items: Cervical Cytology and Age in HPV-Infected Women in North Macedonia: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with Schizophrenia: A ComparativeStudy with Healthy Controls
items: Treatment Stability of Warfarin and Acenocoumarol in Patients With MechanicalHeart Valves and Atrial Fibrillation: A One-Year Cohort Study
items: Subpopulations of B- And T-Lymphocytes and NK (Natural Killer) Cells (LGL – Large Granular Lymlphocytes) in Patients With Infectious Mononucleosis
items: Alprenolol Metabolites Structure Study by Using the Method of Gass Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry
items: Influence of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form on Quality of Therapy
items: Additives in Drugs and Drug Quality
items: Quality Assurance for Drugs — Yugoslav Pharmaceutical Industry Situation in Relation to WHO Requirements
items: Good Laboratory Practice a Process to Assure Reliable Data in the Testing of Chemicals
items: Specific Properties of the Drugs Produced by Dna Recombinant Biotechnology
items: Quantitative Determination of Tannins in Plants of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Euglycemic Ketoacidosis: An Overlap of Diabetic and Non-diabetic Causes
type: item
description: Objective. Ketoacidosis is the most common cause of high anion gap metabolic acidosis in acute medical settings. Although bedside detection is straightforward, identifying the underlying aetiology may be challenging, particularly in patients with diabetes, in whom multiple mechanisms may coexist. Case Report. We report a case of a middle-aged woman with type 1 diabetes who presented with vomiting and reduced oral intake. Initial investigations demonstrated high anion gap metabolic acidosis with severe ketoacidosis (ketones 4.8 mmol/L), hypoglycaemia (glucose 3.3 mmol/L), and profound acute kidney injury (eGFR 5 ml/min/1.73 m² from a baseline of 47 ml/min/1.73 m²). She was initially managed for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with hypoglycaemia using a fixed-rate insulin infusion; however, no clinical or biochemical improvement was observed. Re-evaluation of her clinical presentation and investigations by the multidisciplinary team prompted consideration of other differential diagnoses, such as euglycemic DKA, starvation ketosis, and metabolic acidosis secondary to acute tubular necrosis. Targeted treatment for these causes of metabolic acidosis was initiated, and remarkable clinical and biochemical improvements were noted within 48 hours, suggesting an overlapping metabolic pathophysiology. The patient made a full recovery and was discharged after 10 days. Conclusion. This case highlights the diagnostic complexities that may be encountered in managing ketoacidosis, especially in patients with diabetes, and underscores the importance of correctly identifying the different causes of ketoacidosis. It draws the attention of acute and general physicians to the possibility of overlapping metabolic processes in the aetiology of ketoacidosis and that successful treatment often targets all identified causes, rather than a single cause. Additionally, other causes of metabolic acidosis, such as lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury, should be identified and treated.
subject: Clinical Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Ketoacidosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Starvation Ketosis
  topic: keywords
subject: High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Acute Kidney Injury
  topic: keywords
creator: Alpha Madu
creator: Himanshi Garg
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Alpha Madu, Himanshi Garg, Himanshi Garg https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-22
publication date: 2026-07-22
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.513

Effects of Anti-Gravity Treadmill Training on Functional Outcomes After Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
type: item
description: Objective. Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most common orthopedic procedures. When the surgery is successful and followed by high-quality physiotherapy, the patients’ quality of life usually improves. This randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the impact of anti-gravity treadmills on functional outcomes after total hip arthroplasty. Materials and Methods. The trial was conducted at the Special Hospital for Medical Rehabilitation of Heart, Lung, and Rheumatic Diseases Thalassotherapia Opatija. The sample consisted of patients admitted for inpatient rehabilitation three months after total hip arthroplasty. A total of 34 subjects were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (N=18) and a control group (N=16). The outcome measures included abductor muscle strength, range of motion, numeric pain rating scale, Timed Up and Go test, and 40-meter Fast-Paced Walk test. Results. A statistically significant between-group difference was observed only for hip abduction range of motion, favoring the experimental group (P=0.044). The other measured variables did not show any statistically significant intergroup differences. Conclusions. Anti-gravity treadmill training improved hip abduction range of motion but did not dem- onstrate superiority over conventional rehabilitation in the other assessed functional outcomes.
subject: Clinical Science
  topic: section
subject: Arthroplasty
  topic: keywords
subject: Hip
  topic: keywords
subject: Anti-Gravity Treadmill
  topic: keywords
subject: Muscle Strength
  topic: keywords
subject: Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: Functional Mobility
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivana Dolusic
creator: Ksenija Bazdaric
creator: Silvije Segulja
creator: Gordana Starcevic Klasan
creator: Hrvoje Vlahovic
creator: Bojan Miletic
creator: Mirela Vuckovic
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ivana Dolusic, Ksenija Bazdaric, Silvije Segulja, Gordana Starcevic Klasan, Hrvoje Vlahovic, Bojan Miletic, Mirela Vuckovic https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-07-14
publication date: 2026-07-14
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.512

Epidemiology and Prevention of Lung Cancer in Europe: A review of Burden, Disparities, and the Path to Equitable Early Detection
type: item
description: This review synthesizes current evidence on the global epidemiology and prevention of lung cancer, with a focused analysis of the Southeastern Europe region. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, reflecting persistent exposure to modifiable risk factors and substantial inequities in early detection and treatment access. Data from GLOBOCAN, the Global Burden of Disease study, randomized controlled trials, and population-based registries were used to assess trends in incidence, mortality, and survival, and to examine the evolving distribution of histological subtypes and molecular profiles. While tobacco smoking remains the leading risk factor, a growing proportion of lung cancer, especially among never-smokers, is attributable to non-tobacco exposures, including ambient and household air pollution, occupational carcinogens, and residential radon. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, overall survival remains poor, largely due to late-stage diagnosis. Evidence from landmark trials demonstrates that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality primarily through stage migration, enabling detection at earlier, more treatable stages. Southeastern Europe continues to experience a high burden driven by tobacco exposure, limited screening implementation, and restricted access to molecular diagnostics. Inequities in screening eligibility, uptake, and access to advanced therapies worsen survival outcomes across socioeconomic and demographic groups. Conclusions. Effective lung cancer control requires a multi-level prevention strategy integrating strengthened tobacco control policies, risk-stratified LDCT screening, and equitable access to molecular testing and treatment. Future research priorities include understanding lung cancer in never-smokers, evaluating long-term risks of emerging exposures such as e-cigarettes, and utilizing multi-omics approaches to refine risk stratification and g…
subject: Clinical Science
  topic: section
subject: Narrative Review
  topic: category
subject: Lung cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Tobacco control
  topic: keywords
subject: Southeastern Europe
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahd Hamran
creator: Zaineh Alnoubani
creator: Raghad Elsherif
creator: Zoran Gatalica
creator: Semir Vranic
creator: Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Shahd Hamran, Zaineh Alnoubani, Raghad Elsherif, Zoran Gatalica, Semir Vranic, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.511

Chronic Neutropenia in Children: A Single-Center Experience
type: item
description: Objective. To analyze the characteristics, etiology, diagnostic evaluation, management, follow-up, and outcomes of children with chronic neutropenia treated at a tertiary care pediatric hospital in Croatia. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 48 children (23 males and 25 females; median age 7.75 months [IQR 5.13–11.75]) diagnosed with chronic neutropenia between 2013 and 2021. Results. The median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at presentation was 487/µL (IQR 198.5–837.5), and 52% of the patients had severe neutropenia. Autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) was diagnosed in 21 cases, chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN) in 26 cases, and neutropenia in the context of a genetic syndrome in one case. Antineutrophil antibodies were detected in 47% of the children tested. During follow-up, 23% received granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and 21% received antibiotics. The median follow-up duration was 21 months (IQR 12–32.75), during which 83% achieved spontaneous remission, with a median time to remission of 13.5 months. Lower ANC at diagnosis was associated with more frequent rehospitalizations, longer time to remission, and longer follow-up. No significant differences were found between AIN and CIN in terms of age, ANC at diagnosis, time to referral, or time to remission, although AIN cases were followed for a longer period. Conclusion. Pediatric chronic isolated neutropenia, including AIN and CIN, generally follows a mild clinical course with a low incidence of severe infection. Most children achieve spontane- ous remission within one year. Comprehensive genetic testing is essential in children with suspected congenital neutropenia and those with features suggestive of an underlying genetic syndrome. Adherence to European guidelines supports standardized diagnosis, follow-up, and management, thereby improving patient care.
subject: Clinical Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Neutropenia
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic
  topic: keywords
subject: Children
  topic: keywords
subject: Etiology
  topic: keywords
subject: Prognosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Jelena Roganović
creator: Martina Zubović
creator: Ana Đorđević
creator: Silvije Šegulja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jelena Roganović, Martina Zubović, Ana Đorđević, Silvije Šegulja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-06-23
publication date: 2026-06-23
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.510

Indications and Complications of Total Thyroidectomy in the Management of Thyroid Diseases: A Five-Year Retrospective Study in a Greek Population
type: item
description: Objective. This retrospective study aimed to record, analyze, and evaluate data concerning patients who underwent total thyroidectomy, focusing on the main indications that led to surgical therapy, as well as postoperative complications and oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted on 312 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy or lobectomy at the First Department of Surgery of Sismanogleio General Hospital in Athens between 2019 and 2024. Demographic data, indications, intraoperative parameters, complications, and histological findings were recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v29.0. Results. Among the 312 patients, 222 (71.2%) were female, and 90 (28.8%) were male, with a mean age of 54.3±13.3 years. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 96.5% of the cases. The main indications were nodular hyperplasia (31.4%), autoimmune thyroiditis (18.9%), multinodular goiter (12.8%), and papillary carcinoma (17.3%). The overall complication rate was 31.7%, with transient postoperative hypocalcemia being the most common complication (25.3%). Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 1.9% of patients, hemorrhage in 3.5%, and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in 1.3% of patients. Papillary carcinoma was the most frequent malignancy, followed by follicular, medullary, and anaplastic carcinomas. Approximately 20% of patients were diagnosed with incidental carcinoma—mostly papillary microcarcinoma—emphasizing the importance of total thyroidectomy, even for benign thyroid diseases. Conclusions. Total thyroidectomy is a safe and effective therapeutic option with low rates of permanent complications. The systematic identification and preservation of the parathyroid glands, intraoperative nerve monitoring, and meticulous hemostasis are key factors for minimizing inadvertent complications and optimizing outcomes.
subject: Clinical Science
  topic: section
subject: Total Thyroidectomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Hypocalcemia
  topic: keywords
subject: Complications
  topic: keywords
subject: Incidental Carcinoma
  topic: keywords
subject: Thyroid Surgery
  topic: keywords
creator: Georgios Kaklamanis
creator: Dimosthenis Chrysikos
creator: Panagiotis Voulgaris
creator: Vaios Primikiris
creator: Maria Piagkou
creator: Theodoros Troupis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Georgios Kaklamanis, Dimosthenis Chrysikos, Panagiotis Voulgaris, Vaios Primikiris, Maria Piagkou, Theodoros Troupis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-05-26
publication date: 2026-05-26
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.509

Genomic and Molecular Characterisation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in the National SARI Surveillance System Across Three Consecutive Seasons in North Macedonia (2022-2025)
type: item
description: Objective. To describe the epidemiological, molecular, and genomic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detected through the national severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance system in North Macedonia across three consecutive seasons (2022/2023-2024/2025). Materials and Methods. This study analysed SARI surveillance data from seven hospital-based sentinel sites. RSV detection and subgroup determination were performed using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), following season-specific testing strategies, which should be considered when interpreting seasonal differences in RSV positivity. Consensus genomes were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed using contemporaneous European reference sequences. Amino acid substitutions in the G and F proteins were assessed descriptively. Results. Among 1,899 laboratory-tested SARI cases, 53.3% were tested for RSV, of which 24.8% were positive. RSV-A predominated overall, although seasonal shifts in subgroup dominance were observed. RSV infections were concentrated among young children, particularly those aged 0-2 years. Whole-genome sequencing of 85 RSV-positive samples revealed a dynamic seasonal turnover of RSV-A lineages, whereas RSV-B circulation remained largely confined to a single dominant lineage across seasons. Analysis of antigenically important genes showed greater variability in the G gene compared with the more conserved F gene in both subgroups. Conclusion. The integration of epidemiological, molecular, and whole-genome data within routine SARI surveillance provides a comprehensive overview of RSV circulation and evolution in North Macedonia. These findings contribute genomic data from an under-represented region and provide a foundation for future evaluation of RSV vaccination and mono- clonal antibody effectiveness by detecting viral genetic changes, should such measures be implemented in North Macedonia.
subject: Clinical Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: category
subject: Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  topic: keywords
subject: SARI
  topic: keywords
subject: Genomic Surveillance
  topic: keywords
subject: Whole-Genome Sequencing
  topic: keywords
subject: Molecular Epidemiology
  topic: keywords
creator: Teodora Karevska
creator: Golubinka Boshevska
creator: Elizabeta Jancheska
creator: Maja Vukovikj
creator: Senada Karishik
creator: Gala Matevska
creator: Gordana Nikolovska
creator: Aneta Peshnachka
creator: Dragan Kochinski
creator: Kristina Stavridis
creator: Enkela Polozhani
creator: Milica Simova
creator: Marija Andonovska
creator: Gorica Popova
creator: Icko Gjorgoski
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Teodora Karevska, Gorica Popova, Marija Andonovska, Milica Simova, Enkela Polozhani, Kristina Stavridis, Dragan Kochinski, Aneta Peshnachka, Gordana Nikolovska, Gala Matevska, Senada Karishik, Maja Vukovikj, Elizabeta Jancheska, Golubinka Boshevska, Icko Gjorgoski https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.508

Propranolol in the Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas: A Single-CenterExperience
type: item
description: Objective. Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are common benign vascular tumors of infancy that typically undergo gradual spontaneous regression over several years, although a minority require treatment. Propranolol, a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist, is the first-line therapy for complicated or high-risk IH, demonstrating both efficacy and a favorable safety profile. Materials and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 37 infants treated with oral propranolol at a single center. Patients were monitored in-hospital during treatment initiation and at regular, outpatient visits. The response was assessed using clinical measurements, ultrasonography, and standardized photographs. Results. Most patients had solitary lesions predominantly located in the head region. Complete regression occurred in 26 patients (70.3%) and partial regression in 11 (29.7%). Treatment duration ranged from 2 to 24 months (mean 10.1 months). Adverse events were rare and mild, including one case of hypoglycemia and one of transient somnolence. Conclusion. Oral propranolol is a safe and effective first-line therapy for IH, particularly when initiated early during the proliferative phase.
subject: Clinical Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Short Communication
  topic: category
subject: Infantile Hemangioma
  topic: keywords
subject: Propranolol
  topic: keywords
subject: Pediatric
  topic: keywords
subject: Vascular Tumor
  topic: keywords
creator: Jelena Roganović
creator: Andrea Kevrić
creator: Ana Đorđević
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jelena Roganović, Andrea Kevrić, Ana Đorđević https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-05-18
publication date: 2026-05-18
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.502

The Impact of the Russo‑Ukrainian War on Ukrainian Scholarly Publishing andResearch Directions: A Bibliometric Analysis
type: item
description: Objectives. Russia’s aggression against Ukraine has unfolded in two phases: the onset of the Donbas war and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, and the full-scale invasion in 2022. We examined the changes in Ukrainian scholarly publishing across these disruption periods. Methods. Using Web of Science Core Collection and InCites data (1991–2024), we analyzed publication trends in Ukraine and Croatia, disciplinary composition, leading universities, city-level output in occupied territories, and international collaboration. Interrupted time series (ITS) models were specified with breakpoints at 2014 and 2022. Results. Ukraine’s output increased from 331 articles in 1991 to 12,475 in 2021, then declined by 14.6% to 10,649 in 2024, whereas Croa- tia’s output remained comparatively stable. The segmented ITS showed significant growth before 2014, a steeper upward trend after 2014, and a decline after 2022. Croatia showed continued growth with a smaller, non-significant post-2022 slowdown. In Ukraine, the largest post-2022 declines were observed in Physical Sciences and Social Sciences, while Engineering and Technol- ogy appeared more resilient. City-level analyses in occupied territories showed an early break in 2014 in Donetsk and Luhansk, while output linked to Simferopol and Sevastopol was rapidly reclassified after 2014, with records increasingly indexed under Russia. After 2022, collaboration with Russia collapsed, whereas partnerships with Poland, Germany, and the USA expanded. Conclusion. Ukrainian scholarly publishing showed phase-specific shifts in output and collaboration patterns that coincided with major geopolitical disruptions.
subject: Clinical Science
  topic: section
subject: Ukraine
  topic: keywords
subject: Russo-Ukrainian War
  topic: keywords
subject: Scientific Publishing
  topic: keywords
subject: Full-Scale Invasion
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryna Kreslova
creator: Livia Puljak
creator: Damir Sapunar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maryna Kreslova, Livia Puljak, Damir Sapunar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-05-04
publication date: 2026-05-04
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.507

A Meta-Analysis of Whole Blood Cholinesterase Activity in Healthy RuminantsUsing a Modified Electrometric Measurement Method
type: item
description: Objective. This meta-analysis aimed to compile and analyze WBChE activity using the modified electrometric method to estab­lish normal or baseline enzyme activity values in ruminants (sheep, goats, cattle, and buffalo). Materials and Methods. This is a one-group randomized-effect-size meta-analysis model applied to the mean ± SD of WBChE activities in sheep, goats, cattle, and buffaloes. Results. Using PRISMA selection, we identified 16 records from five studies that measured WBChE activity in sheep (N=267), goats (N=165), cattle (N=197), and buffaloes (N=31) using a modified electrometric method. The studies included both sexes and were published between 2007 and 2025. The forest plot showed that the WBChE activities of sheep, goats, cattle, and buffaloes were 0.40, 0.32, 0.51, and 0.42 Δ pH/enzymatic reaction incubation time, respectively. Their 95% CI were 0.19-0.60, 0.16-0.49, 0.31-0.70, and 0.39-45, respectively. The weights of the individual records across the four species varied from 0.91% to 14.77%. The I2 heterogeneity index of 61% was moderate and significant (Q=38.35; P=0.001). Despite the low pseudo-R2 value (24.24%), the I2 of subgroup analysis was significant only in sheep (64.2%, Q=14, P=0.016). The funnel plot showed the possibility of publication bias in five imputed studies. However, Egger’s regression analysis was not statistically significant (t=1.91, P=0.077). The overall risk of bias in the studies was low. Conclusion. This study is the first meta-analysis to establish the reference WBChE activity in healthy ruminants, including sheep, goats, cattle, and buffaloes. This is an additional contribution to the existing literature, as the modified electrometric method is recommended for measuring blood or tissue ChE activity in various animal species. These findings provide valuable refer
subject: Veterinary Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Blood Cholinesterase
  topic: keywords
subject: Insecticide Exposure
  topic: keywords
subject: Sentinel Species
  topic: keywords
subject: Organophosphate
  topic: keywords
subject: Carbamate
  topic: keywords
creator: Fouad Kasim Mohammad
creator: Maha Ahmed Ramadhan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Fouad Kasim Mohammad, Maha Ahmed Ramadhan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-04-22
publication date: 2026-04-22
doi: 10.5644/10.5644/ama2006-124.506

Uvodna riječ (VIII. javni sastanak)
type: item
description: Uvodna riječ (VIII. Javni sastanak) Postupak hemafereze (plazmafereza i citofereza) u terapeutske svrhe, već nekoliko godina izaziva možda i pretjerani entuzijazam ljekara, a takav entuzijazam nosi koji put i znatan rizik za pacijenta. Medutim, upravo taj entuzijazam u posljednjih deset godina bio je glavna pokretačka snaga u primjeni hemafereza-tretmana, pa je ovaj terapeutski postupak već oproban na nekoliko desetina raznih oboljenja. Možda takav tretman može da bude kurativna terapija kada plazmaferezom uspijevamo odstraniti unesene štetne supstance, koje u određenoj količini mogu da ugroze život, jer djeluju kao toksini, a, zatim, ta metoda liječenja može da bude i vrlo korisna kao dopunska terapija, na primjer u slučaju endogenih intoksikacija, prisustva antitijela, imunih kompleksa i dr. INDIKACIJE ZA TERAPIJSKU PLAZMAFEREZU Zajedničko za sve bolesti je otklanjanje određenih komponenti iz plazme, a to su: 1. abnormalna koncentracija metabolita (npr. familijarna hiperholesterinemija'), 2. toksini, koji se vežu za proteine, 3. antitijela — imuni kompleksi. Kod sljedećih bolesti je u potpunosti prihvaćen plazmafereza tretman: — Goodpastures syndrome, — lupns crytheniatosus (otporan na lijekove), — familijarna hiperholesterinemija, — myasthenia gravis (otporna na lijekove), — hiperviskozni sindrom. MOGUCA KORIST OD PLAZMAFEREZA-TRETMANA 1. Hematologija: — cirkulirajući antikoagulansi (antifaktor VIII), — posttransfuziona purpura, — idiopatska trombocitopenična-trombotična purpura, — haemolitični uremični sindrom, — crioglobulinemija, — stečena hemolitična anemija, — akutne i kronične leukoze, — multipli mielom, — Waldenstremova makroglobulinemija, 2. Nefrologija: — glomerulonefritis u toku E.S.L., — progresivni rapidni glomerulonefritis, — membrano-proliferativni glomerulonefritis, — prijeteće odbacivanje transplantata, 3. Endogene intoksikacije i poremećaj metabolizma: — tireotoksicna kriza, — hepaticna koma, — lipidoze, — stecena hiperholesterinemija, — stecena …
subject: Javni sastanci Odjeljenja (III., IV., VII. i VIII.)
  topic: section
creator: Džemal Rezaković
rights: Copyright (c) 1984 Džemal Rezaković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-04-09
publication date: 2026-04-09
starting page: 165
ending page: 167
doi: 10.5644/

Završna riječ (VIII. Javni sastanak)
type: item
description: Šta bi se moglo napraviti za unapređenje medicinskih nauka? Ja imam tri prijedloga. Prvo: neophodno je u Jugoslaviji kao cjelini i u BiH posebno, u sva područja nauke ulagati mnogo više tekućega i minuloga rada i sredstava neophodnih za taj posao. Koliko? Ja ne znam, ali znam da ne bi bilo teško to izračunati za svaku oblast nauke posebno. Mislim da samo opredjeljenje da je neophodno razvijati naučno istraživanje puno ne vrijedi ako se mi, odnosno naša društvena zajednica uprkos svim poteškoćama oko para ne opredijelimo da iz godine u godinu dajemo sve veći postotak nacionalnog dohotka za istraživanje i nauku uopće. Koliko? Druge zemlje troše 2—8%posto nacionalnog dohotka u ovu svrhu, a čuli smo da naš SIZ nauke raspolaže sa 0,14 posto nacionalnog dohotka Bosne i Hercegovine. Mislim da bi trebalo intenzivno da agitujemo da dođe do čvrstog opredjeljenja društva u prilog stalnog i planskog povećanja udijela sredstava za nauku u nacionalnom dohotku. Ja lično mislim da bi, recimo, godišnje dodavanje od 0,3 posto nacionalnog dohotka omogućilo da u toku narednih deset godina prevladamo naše zaostatke i slabosti i učinimo nauku i tehnologiju istinskim motorom koji će omogućeni brži razvoj privrede i našeg društva u cjelini. Tek to bi obezbijedilo da se vodi nekakva smišljena naučna politika. Mislim da se ne može voditi uspješna naučna politika ako se ne zna koliko će se sredstava ulagati u nauku. Za razvoj kadrova, za razvoj infrastrukture svuda treba 5—10 godina, a isto toliko godina traje i izvođenje nekog ozbiljnijeg naučnog projekta. Planovi za naucni rad i razvoj, bez jasnih i sigurnih sredstava za tu svrhu računi su bez krčmara. Zato mislim da bi i mi medicinari trebalo da vršimo određeni upliv na naše društvo da ono preuzme čvršće obaveze u pogledu naučne politike. Sad evo i drugog prijedloga. Kad su u pitanju medicinska istraživanja, mislim da mi medicinari imamo još jednu opciju, nezavisno od toga kakav će biti razvoj nauke u cjelini. Mislim da se u zaštiti zdravl…
subject: Javni sastanci Odjeljenja (III., IV., VII. i VIII.)
  topic: section
creator: Grujica Žarković
rights: Copyright (c) 1984 Grujica Žarković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-04-09
publication date: 2026-04-09
starting page: 159
ending page: 161
doi: 10.5644/

Završna riječ (III. javni sastanak)
type: item
description: Zahvaljujem svim govornicima i diskutantima, koji su ukazali na više problema nego što su imali vremena da ih obrade. Očigledno je da naša praksa vrvi od problema kako u zdravstvu tako i u nastavi i nauci. Diskusija je pokazala da bi mnogo toga moglo biti bolje. Stvari se, na žalost, ne rješavaju same od sebe. Bez evaluacije naše prakse nećemo stici daleko. Evaluacija je neophodna forma u ciklusu radnji od kojih se sastoji dobro upravljanje. Nju radi toga treba unijeti svugdje gdje se donose samoupravne odluke, počevši od radnog mjesta, radne organizacije i SlZ-a, pa do delegatskih skupština. Analogno tome, u odgoju zdravstvenih kadrova i medicinskim naučnim istraživanima neophodno je primjenjivati odgovarajući proces evaluacije. Svim referentima, diskutantima i ostalim učesnicima ovog skupa hvala.
subject: Javni sastanci Odjeljenja (III., IV., VII. i VIII.)
  topic: section
creator: Grujica Žarković
rights: Copyright (c) 1984 Grujica Žarković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-04-09
publication date: 2026-04-09
starting page: 91
ending page: 91
doi: 10.5644/

Uvodna riječ (III. javni sastanak)
type: item
description: U ime Odjeljenja medicinskih nauka Akademije nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine čast mi je da pozdravim vas koji ste se odazvali pozivu na naš III javni sastanak, koji je posvećen problemima korištenja evaluativnih ili evaluacijskih istraživanja u područjima medicinskih nauka, medicinske nastave i zaštite zdravlja. Za informaciju onima koji su prvi put prisutni na ovom sastanku, želim da kažem da je prošle godine naše odjeljenje odlučilo da pokuša proširiti krug lica koja će učestvovati u naučnim raspravama naše akademije. Vaš današnji odaziv i prisustvo na raspravi o evaluativnim istraživanjima je za nas ohrabrenje i podstrek da i u buduće nastavimo zajedničku obradu naučne problematike iz oblasti medicinskih istraživanja. Evoluirati znaci odrediti vrijednost nečega. Izbor predmeta za evaluaciju ovisi o onome šta želimo ocijeniti, počevši od djelovanja nekog lijeka ili terapeutskog postupka pa do kvaliteta ljekarskih usluga, ili rada određene grane zaštite zdravlja, ili efikasnosti rada neke zdravstvene ustanove u cjelini ili, još šire, efikasnosti određenih zdravstvenih programa ili zdravstva u cjelini. Evaluacijska istraživanja su posljednjih dvadesetak godina u svijetu počela dobijati sve veći zamah. Što se tiče zdravstva i medicinskih nauka, uključivši i medicinsku nastavu, ova istraživanja su krenula naprijed zahvaljujući Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji. Članovi našeg odjeljenja su odlučili da evaluacijska istraživanja stave na dnevni red naučne i stručne javnosti zato što ona mogu mnogo doprinijeti naporima za privrednu stabilizaciju i bolje poslovanje u zdravstvenoj djelatnosti, kao i u ostalim društvenim službama i privredi. Nemoguće je sutra raditi bolje ako čovjek ne zna da li danas radi dobro i da li bi mogao bolje. Da li je ono što danas radimo najbolje, da li je to najjeftinije i da li je to najuspješnije ili se može nešto učiniti da bude više i bolje? To je društveni smisao evaluacije. Kada pratimo rad zdravstvenih ustanova, ili gledamo šta i …
subject: Javni sastanci Odjeljenja (III., IV., VII. i VIII.)
  topic: section
creator: Grujica Žarković
rights: Copyright (c) 1984 Grujica Žarković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-04-09
publication date: 2026-04-09
starting page: 49
ending page: 50
doi: 10.5644/

O javnim sastancima Odjeljenja medicinskih nauka Akademije nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine
type: item
description: Počevši od jeseni 1982, Odjeljenje medicinskih nauka Akademije nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine je uvelo običaj da na neke od svojih sastanaka poziva učesnike van svog sastava, i to prvenstveno naučne radnike i istaknute stručnjake u određenim područjima medicine. Zbog svoje otvorenosti ovi sastanci su i dobili naziv „javni sastanci” Odjeljenja medicinskih nauka. Cilj javnih sastanaka Odjeljenja medicinskih nauka je višestruk. Ti sastanci omogućuju kontinuirano funkcionisanje jedne javne tribine na kojoj naučni radnici i stručnjaci iz raznih područja biomedicinskih znanosti iz Bosne i Hercegovine i drugih republika, a povremeno i iz inostranstva, raspravljaju o: — stanju naučnih istraživanja određenog problema, — vlastitim dostignućima i rezultatima, — primjeni rezultata istraživanja u praksi, — razvoju i korištenju novih metoda istraživanja te — mjerama za unapređivanje biomedicinskog naučnoistraživačkog rada. Prema tome, za razliku od cisto naučnih skupova koje ovo odjeljenje povremeno priređuje, referenti i diskutanti na javnim sastancima mogu iznositi ne samo rezultate vlastitog istraživanja nego i bibliografske osvrte, ili davati kritički prikaz rješavanja pojedinih zdravstvenih problema ili, napokon, mogu prikazivati naučni rad, svoj i svojih suradnika, u dužem vremenskom periodu. Nakon nekoliko održanih javnih sastanaka Odjeljenje medicinskih nauka je zaključio da je većina referata i diskusija bila dovoljno interesantna i vrijedna da zaslužuje da se objavi u seriji „Radovi” ovog odjeljenja. Tako će čitalac, počevši od ovog broja, u našoj seriji „Radovi” pored originalnih istraživačkih radova, nalaziti povremeno, još i tekstove referata i diskusija iznesenih na našim javnim sastancima. Sekretar Odjeljenja medicinskih nauka Prof. dr GRUJICA ŽARKOVlĆ
subject: Javni sastanci Odjeljenja (III., IV., VII. i VIII.)
  topic: section
creator: Grujica Žarković
rights: Copyright (c) 1984 Grujica Žarković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-04-08
publication date: 2026-04-08
starting page: 45
ending page: 46
doi: 10.5644/

Workplace Violence Against Nurses in Croatia: A Cross-Sectional Study on ItsFrequency, Impact, and Solutions
type: item
description: Objective. This study aimed to analyze the frequency of workplace violence against nurses in Croatia, its psychological consequences, and existing institutional measures to address this issue. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Croatian nurses in October and November 2023 using a convenience sample recruited via a social media platform. The questionnaire included 38 closed-ended questions covering socio-demographic data, experiences of physical, verbal, and sexual violence, and measures implemented to prevent or address workplace violence. Results. A total of 318 nurses participated in the study. Most participants (70%) reported experiencing some form of workplace violence in the past 12 months. Verbal violence was most frequent (66%), followed by physical (21%) and sexual violence (13%). Patients were the most common perpetrators of physical violence (84%), followed by relatives and healthcare staff. No statistically significant differences were found between the reporting of violent incidents and the level of nurses’ education, nor between the intensity of psychological consequences and years of nurses’ work experience. Nearly half of the participants (48%) stated that no formal measures existed in their workplace to prevent or respond to violence. Conclusion. Among nurses participating in this study, workplace violence was frequently reported, while work experience was not associated with psychological consequences. The findings indicate that workplace violence remains a relevant issue and may inform future efforts to improve preventive measures in healthcare settings.
subject: Clinical Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Study
  topic: category
subject: Nurses
  topic: keywords
subject: Violence
  topic: keywords
subject: Workplace
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Consequences
  topic: keywords
subject: Patients
  topic: keywords
creator: Danela Relić
creator: Ivica Matić
creator: Livia Puljak
creator: Marta Čivljak
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Danela Relić, Ivica Matić, Livia Puljak, Marta Čivljak https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 39
ending page: 59
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.505

Criterion Validity of the Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) in Croatian OlderAdults
type: item
description: Objective. The Yale Physical Activity Survey (YPAS) is one of the most commonly used questionnaires to assess physical activity (PA) levels in older adults. Although previous studies have explored its validity properties against accelerometry, to date, no evidence has been provided in Croatian older adults. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether the YPAS is a valid tool for measuring PA levels. Materials and methods. A total of 46 older women (mean age 72.3±1.2 years) were recruited from three randomly selected public residential aged-care facilities. During the first stage, all participants wore a triaxial GENEActiv accelerometer on their non-dominant hand for 7 consecutive days. After the wearing period, the participants completed the YPAS questionnaire. The correlations between the YPAS and GENEActiv data were calculated using Spearman’s order-rank coefficients. Results. The YPAS total PA was positively and moderately correlated with the number of steps, light and moderate PA, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA; ρ=0.48−0.64), yet a low positive correlation was found with vigorous PA (ρ=0.33). The YPAS total energy expenditure (EE) and the number of stairs performance showed similar correlation patterns with GENEActiv accelerometry data as the total PA (ρ=0.33−0.64). The summary index score exhibited moderate and positive correlations with the number of steps, light, moderate, and vigorous PA and MVPA (ρ=0.28−0.49). Conclusion. This study shows that the YPAS is a valid tool for assessing PA patterns in older Croatian adults.
subject: Clinical Science
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Article
  topic: category
subject: Aged
  topic: keywords
subject: Motor Activity
  topic: keywords
subject: Surveys and Questionnaires
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy Metabolism
  topic: keywords
subject: Croatia
  topic: keywords
creator: Maja Ban
creator: Toni Ćosić
creator: Irena Canjuga
creator: Ivica Matić
creator: Vesna Mijoč
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Maja Ban, Toni Ćosić, Irena Canjuga, Ivica Matić, Vesna Mijoč https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 30
ending page: 38
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.504

Gastrocolic Trunk: Anatomical Variations and Surgical Significance
type: item
description: Objective. This review aims to summarize the Henle trunk configurations and tributary patterns presented in cadaveric, intraoperative, and imaging studies. Background. The Henle gastrocolic trunk is a highly variable venous structure formed by the confluence of the gastric, colic, and pancreatic veins. It has notable surgical importance, particularly during laparoscopic procedures, such as right colectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods. A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. Discussion. Twenty-one publications comprising 2,454 cases were analyzed to classify Henle trunk configurations and tributary patterns. The trunk was iden- tified in 92.5% of the cases, with the gastropancreatocolic (GPC) type being the most prevalent (73.1%). A total of 38 unique venous confluences were recorded, highlighting the considerable anatomical complexity and variability of the trunk. The Henle gastrocolic trunk is a common anatomical structure with significant heterogeneity in its venous configurations. The GPC type, most frequently formed by the confluence of the right gastroepiploic vein, the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein, and either the right colic vein or the superior right colic vein, predominates across cadaveric, intraoperative, and imaging studies. Understanding this variability is crucial for ensuring safe dissection during pancreatic and colorectal resections. Conclusion. Comprehensive knowledge of the Henle trunk anatomy and its variations enhances operative planning, minimizes the risk of vascular injury, and supports safer and more efficient minimally invasive abdominal surgery.
subject: Clinical Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: category
subject: Henle Gastrocolic Trunk
  topic: keywords
subject: Venous Anatomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Colorectal Surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Pancreaticoduodenectomy
  topic: keywords
creator: Grigorios Stefanou
creator: Dimosthenis Chrysikos
creator: Dimitrios Filippou
creator: George Tsakotos
creator: Theodore Troupis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Grigorios Stefanou, Dimosthenis Chrysikos, Dimitrios Filippou, George Tsakotos, Theodore Troupis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 60
ending page: 71
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.501

A Rare Cadaveric Case Report of the Median Nerve Passing Through the Brachialis Muscle
type: item
description: Objective. To describe a rare cadaveric topographical variation of the median nerve (MN) involving an atypical relationship with the brachialis muscle (BM). Such variations, although uncommon, may complicate surgical procedures, regional anesthesia, and imaging interpretation. This report documents a variation in which the MN traverses the BM without providing motor innervation. Case Report. During the routine dissection of the right upper limb of a 75-year-old male donated cadaver, a unilateral (right-sided) topographical variation of the MN was identified. The MN diverged from its usual close association with the brachial artery (BA) and followed a medial and posterior course toward the BM. Within the middle third of the arm, the nerve penetrated a macroscopically distinct bundle of BM fibers, traversed the muscle belly, and exited in its distal third. Distally, the MN resumed a superficial course, re-approached the BA, and continued normally through the cubital fossa. No motor or accessory branches from the MN to the BM were identified during its intramuscular course. The surrounding muscle fibers closely encircled the nerve along its intramuscular segment, indicating a restricted anatomical corridor. The musculocutaneous nerve, BA, and the remaining neurovascular structures followed their typical anatomical pathways. Conclusion. This anatomical configuration may represent a potential anatomical substrate for proximal MN irritation or compression and may clinically resemble pronator teres syndrome. Awareness of such variants is important for clinicians evaluating MN neuropathies and for surgeons, anesthesiologists, and radiologists working in the anterior compartment of the arm.
subject: Clinical Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Case Report
  topic: category
subject: Median Nerve
  topic: keywords
subject: Brachialis Muscle
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrapment Neuropathy
  topic: keywords
subject: Anatomical Variation
  topic: keywords
creator: Georgios Paraskevas
creator: Christos Lyrtzis
creator: Georgios Trikoilis
creator: Alexia Maistrellis
creator: Maria Piagkou
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Georgios Paraskevas, Christos Lyrtzis, Georgios Trikoilis, Alexia Maistrellis, Maria Piagkou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-03-25
publication date: 2026-03-25
starting page: 86
ending page: 91
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.503

Developmental Trajectories and Outcomes of Online Child Sexual Abuse: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
type: item
description: Background. OCSA includes adult grooming or solicitation and peer electronic sexual coercion. Due to its negative conse- quences, it has become a public mental health concern. While prevalence is well established, the developmental timing of onset, predictors, and outcomes can only be clarified through longitudinal studies. Objective. This review synthesizes longitudinal evidence on online child sexual abuse (OCSA) in minors, with an emphasis on developmental timing, prospective risk and pro- tective factors, and downstream outcomes. Methods. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guide- lines. Eligible studies enrolled participants under 18 years of age at baseline, used a longitudinal design, and examined OCSA. Twelve studies were identified through database searches (2000-2025) and citation chasing, all of which were published from 2013 onwards. Discussion. The narrative synthesis identified that the risk for OCSA was concentrated in mid-adolescence. Peer electronic coercion rose through early-mid adolescence and plateaued around the age of 16-17. The cumulative onset reached approximately one in three by age 18. The predictors included depressive symptoms, maltreatment, adverse childhood experi- ences, and risky digital behaviors. Protective parental monitoring buffered escalation, especially in early adolescence. In terms of consequences, adult solicitation predicted poorer quality of life and emotional distress, whereas peer coercion increased depres- sion and delinquency. Bidirectional feedback loops emerged between adolescent sexting and adult solicitation. A school-based trial demonstrated that even brief prevention efforts can reduce the risk of OCSA. Conclusion. Longitudinal evidence suggests that OCSA follows an age-graded developmental pattern and is associated with potentially modifiable risk and protective fac- tors. Prevention should focus on mid-adolescent hazard windows, minority-sensitive support, family-based monitoring, a…
subject: Paediatric Psychology
  topic: section
subject: Systematic Review
  topic: category
subject: Online Child Sexual Abuse
  topic: keywords
subject: Grooming
  topic: keywords
subject: Electronic Sexual Coercion
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescence
  topic: keywords
creator: Krešimir Prijatelj
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Krešimir Prijatelj https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-03-24
publication date: 2026-03-24
starting page: 92
ending page: 109
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.500

Cervical Cytology and Age in HPV-Infected Women in North Macedonia: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Objective. HPV infection is a key etiological factor in cervical epithelial alterations and neoplasia. Its prevalence and cytological impact vary with age, co-infections, and screening practices. This study investigated the association between HPV infection, age, and cervical cytological findings in women from North Macedonia. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study included 300 women aged 26–66 years, who were screened over a 13-month period (June 2023–July 2024). The participants were divided into two age groups (26–36 and 37–66 years). All participants underwent Pap testing, HPV screening, and micro- biological evaluation. Ordinal regression analysis was used to examine the associations between age, microbial factors, and HPV positivity. Results. HPV prevalence was higher in the 37–66 group (12.33%) than in the 26–36 group (6.0%). However, younger age showed a stronger statistical association with HPV positivity (OR=2.10; P<0.1). Cytological abnormalities, particularly LSIL/CIN I, were more prevalent in HPV-positive participants. The use of conventional Pap smears was associated with lower HPV detection (OR=0.16; P<0.05). Co-infection with Candida spp. and atrophic inflammation were inversely associated with HPV positivity. Conclusion. This study confirmed the association between HPV infection and cytological changes, particularly in younger age groups. These results highlight the importance of age-tailored screening approaches and support the continued use of conventional Pap smears as cost-effective tools. Integrating virological and microbiological assessments may further re- fine cervical cancer prevention strategies, particularly in transitional healthcare systems across the Western Balkans.
subject: Clinical Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Study
  topic: category
subject: HPV
  topic: keywords
subject: Cervical Cytology
  topic: keywords
subject: Age
  topic: keywords
subject: CIN
  topic: keywords
subject: North Macedonia
  topic: keywords
creator: Vjollca Shabani
creator: Mije Reçi
creator: Veselievska Stojkovska
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vjollca Shabani, Mije Reçi, Veselievska Stojkovska https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 21
ending page: 29
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.498

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients with Schizophrenia: A ComparativeStudy with Healthy Controls
type: item
description: Objective. This study aimed to assess selected sociodemographic characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and compare them with those of a healthy control group, as well as within the group of patients with schizophrenia. Patients and Methods. A retrospective observational study was conducted involving 400 patients with schizophrenia and 200 healthy controls from the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton. The diagnosis of schizophrenia was made according to ICD-10 criteria, and sociodemographic data were obtained through structured interviews. Results. Individuals with schizophrenia are more likely to be older, less edu- cated, unemployed, single, and smokers compared to healthy controls. Among patients with schizophrenia, analyses controlling for age showed that gender was significantly associated with both age of onset and duration of illness, with significant gender- by-age interactions. Marital status was significantly related to age at onset and demonstrated a significant interaction with age in relation to illness duration. Education level was associated with age at onset but not with illness duration. No significant differences in illness onset were found across employment groups. Conclusion. Sociodemographic characteristics are closely associated with key clinical features of schizophrenia, including age at onset and illness duration. These findings highlight the importance of considering gender, marital status, and educational background when interpreting illness trajectories. The results further underscore the need for early intervention strategies, psychoeducation, and integrated social and healthcare support aimed at improving functional outcomes and quality of life for individuals with schizophrenia and their caregivers.
subject: Clinical Science
  topic: section
subject: Original Scientific Article
  topic: category
subject: Schizophrenia
  topic: keywords
subject: Sociodemographic Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality of Life
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Pejana Rastović
creator: Marko Pavlović
creator: Josip Kvesić
creator: Ana Džidić Bevanda
creator: Maja Pandža Topić
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Pejana Rastović, Marko Pavlović, Josip Kvesić, Ana Džidić Bevanda, Maja Pandža Topić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 10
ending page: 20
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.499

Treatment Stability of Warfarin and Acenocoumarol in Patients With MechanicalHeart Valves and Atrial Fibrillation: A One-Year Cohort Study
type: item
description: This study aimed to investigate which of the two vitamin K antagonists, warfarin or acenocoumarol, provides more stable anticoagulation control in patients with mechanical heart valves and atrial fibrillation. Patients and Methods. This was a prospective, one-year clinical cohort study. In total, 73 outpatients with mechanical heart valves and atrial fibrillation who were already treated with warfarin or acenocoumarol were recruited from the Blood Transfusion Institute of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The prothrombin time target values, expressed as the international normalized ratio (INR), were 2.0–3.0/4.0. Numerical data between the treatment groups were summarized descriptively. Results. Patients in the warfarin (N=35) and acenocoumarol (N=38) treatment groups were similar in terms of sex, age, body mass index, body surface area, and number of concomitant drugs known to interact with vitamin K antagonists. The number of INR measurements per patient, number of INR measurements within the therapeutic range per patient, mean time interval between successive INR measurements, and mean INR values across consecutive measurements were similar in both groups. However, compared to acenocoumarol, warfarin treatment seemed to be associated with more stable anticoagulation, i.e., with a higher mean time in the therapeutic range (TTR) (76.1±24.2 vs. 69.1±21.5%) and a smaller proportion of patients below all predefined TTR thresholds (<60%, <65%, and <70%). Conclusion. Our unadjusted descriptive results suggested that warfarin, compared to acenocoumarol, may provide more stable and therefore safer anticoagulation control in patients with mechanical heart valves and atrial fibrillation. To confirm this, larger prospective clinical studies are needed in patients with mechanical heart valves with or without atrial fibrillation.
subject: Clinical Science
  topic: section
subject: Original Research Study
  topic: category
subject: Mechanical Heart Valves
  topic: keywords
subject: Atrial Fibrillation
  topic: keywords
subject: Warfarin
  topic: keywords
subject: Acenocoumarol
  topic: keywords
subject: INR
  topic: keywords
subject: Treatment Stability
  topic: keywords
creator: Šahza Hajdari Toskić
creator: Asija Mević
creator: Aida Kulo Ćesić
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Šahza Hajdari Toskić, Asija Mević, Aida Kulo Ćesić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 2026-03-02
publication date: 2026-03-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.5644/ama2006-124.497

Subpopulations of B- And T-Lymphocytes and NK (Natural Killer) Cells (LGL – Large Granular Lymlphocytes) in Patients With Infectious Mononucleosis
type: item
description: In a group of 54 patients with verified diagnoses of infectious mononucleosis values of leukocytes, lymphocytes and atypical mononuclear cells (AMNC) in the peripheral blood were measured and the number of B-lymphocytes, T11 T4, T8-lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and NK (natural killer) cells respectively identified and determined by appropriate immunological tests. Maximal leukocyte values in the peripheral blood did not exceed 14 x 109/1 and were recorded in the first three weeks of the disease. Lymphocytes and AMNC were predominating cells in the differential leukocyte formula. Their maximal values amounted up to 88 percent and were largest in the first three weeks of the disease. The values of antibodies to VCA (viral capsid antigen) and of antibodies to EBNA (Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen) were in accord with data reported in the literature. In direct immunofluorescence tests (polyvalent and monovalent anti-immunoglobulin antibodies) we found increased values of B-lymphocytes, which culminated in the first week of the disease. In most cases we recorded elevated values of B-lymphocytes which carried on their membranes IgG 4 + IgM + IgA or IgG + IgM. The rise B-lymphocyte values was most likely due to the action of EB virus as polyclonal activator of B-cells resulting in their proliferation and differentiation. In indirect immunofluorescence tests with use of anti-TH, anti-T4 and anti-T8 monoclonal antibodies we found increased Tll-lymphocytes values and marked rise in the values of suppressor-cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T8) throughout the entire duration of the disease. There was also a mild upward trend in the values of T-helper lymphocytes (T4). Infection of B-lymphocytes with EB virus was accompanied by intensive immune stimulation and the activation of, and increase in the values of, T-lymphocytes, in the first place of those with a cytotoxic and suppressor function (T8), which also seemed to have been primarily activated. The tendency of a ligh…
subject: Radovi
  topic: section
creator: Nijaz Softić
creator: Tatjana Jeren
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nijaz Softić, Tatjana Jeren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 1991-09-13
publication date: 1991-09-13
starting page: 317
ending page: 329
doi: 10.5644/Radovi.316

Alprenolol Metabolites Structure Study by Using the Method of Gass Chromatography — Mass Spectrometry
type: item
description: Alprenolole is subject to a fast-metabolic transformation like other beta blocking agents. Until now 4-hidroxy alprenolol and N-dcsizopropyl alprenolol are identified as products of such metabolic transformations. In the paper Identification of methoxy-hydroxy alprenolol, a new metabolite of alprenolol, performed by selective derivatization and GC-MS structure examination. is described.
subject: Radovi
  topic: section
creator: Meliha Lekić
creator: Ljiljana Kudra
creator: Miroslav Šober
creator: Branko Nikolin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Meliha Lekić, Ljiljana Kudra, Miroslav Šober, Branko Nikolin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 1991-09-13
publication date: 1991-09-13
starting page: 307
ending page: 315
doi: 10.5644/Radovi.315

Influence of Pharmaceutical Dosage Form on Quality of Therapy
type: item
description: Some biopharmaceutical factors related to drug dosage form were presented. These factors might influence the rate and extent of absorption, changing thus time of onset, intensity and duration of pharmacodynamic effect.
subject: Radovi
  topic: section
creator: Sabira Hadžović
creator: Jela Milić-Aškrabić
creator: Aida Mehmedagić
creator: Ljiljana Savković
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Sabira Hadžović, Jela Milić-Aškrabić, Aida Mehmedagić, Ljiljana Savković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 1991-09-13
publication date: 1991-09-13
starting page: 299
ending page: 305
doi: 10.5644/Radovi.314

Additives in Drugs and Drug Quality
type: item
description: Deterioration of pharmaceutical products, especially those containing water, may result from Chemical changes, oxygen, light, moisture and microorganism contamination. Those changes can be prevented or minimised by addition of a suitable antioxidant or an antimicrobial preservative. Their properties, potential side effects and interactions are discussed in this paper. Many pharmaceutical products ought to be coloured for psychological and practical reasons, which is very important both for the patient and industrial pharmacist. Colouring agents, used as colours for pharmaceutical preparations have been reviewed in this paper.
subject: Radovi
  topic: section
creator: Biljana Ivković
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Biljana Ivković https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 1991-09-13
publication date: 1991-09-13
starting page: 291
ending page: 297
doi: 10.5644/Radovi.313

Quality Assurance for Drugs — Yugoslav Pharmaceutical Industry Situation in Relation to WHO Requirements
type: item
description: Analysis of situation in Yugoslav pharmaceutical industry is described from the point of view of quality assurance introducing. A critical review to legal regulations in the area of drug manufacturing in relation to EEC, FDA and WHO requirements is given and quality assurance system and WHO requirements for manufacture certification are presented. A support is given to the trend of activities taken by other European countries, which are preparing themselves carefully to resist the challenge of requirements regarding EUROPA 92 supported by harmonized standards and rules.
subject: Radovi
  topic: section
creator: Slavko Marković
creator: Dženana tatarević
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Slavko Marković, Dženana tatarević https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 1991-09-13
publication date: 1991-09-13
starting page: 285
ending page: 290
doi: 10.5644/Radovi.312

Good Laboratory Practice a Process to Assure Reliable Data in the Testing of Chemicals
type: item
description: Good laboratory practice is an expression of a need for harmonization of the work in laboratory Services to ensure adequate product quality. The system of laboratory work should be accompanied by an inspection and study audit. The document Principles of Good Laboratory Practice in Chemicals investigation, adopted by the OECD Council in 1981, represents a basis for international exchange of information of toxicological and other data. The GLP includes responsibilities in management, quality of work, facilities, documentation, study plan, objectives of the study, equipment, personnel etc. The inspection and study audit on GLP performance should be realized through relevant authority (government).
subject: Radovi
  topic: section
creator: Milan Škrlj
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Milan Škrlj https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 1991-09-13
publication date: 1991-09-13
starting page: 277
ending page: 283
doi: 10.5644/Radovi.311

Specific Properties of the Drugs Produced by Dna Recombinant Biotechnology
type: item
description: Products produced by DNA recombinant biotechnology processes may be considered a new possibility in the field of therapy. In the period from 1985 to 1989 the following recombinant DNA drugs were approved: human insulin, human growth hormones, interferon alpha 2a and 2b, interleukin 2, alteplase, muromanab CD 3, erythropoietin and hepatitis B vaccine. Many new products are being developed. Since a number of peptides and proteins are rapidly destroyed in the body, new formulations and systems have been developed in order to increase the steady drug concentration in blood circulation or locally at the site of application, further, to increase the efficacy of drugs and to minimize the incidence and severity of adverse side effects. The proteins and peptides are unable to reach secluded organs or sites where the therapeutic effect is desirable, therefore more selective routes of administration than the venous one is being introduced. The cost of some biological drugs may result in their limited use, thus guidelines for a proper administration have been issued.
subject: Radovi
  topic: section
creator: Anton Štalc
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Anton Štalc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 1991-09-13
publication date: 1991-09-13
starting page: 269
ending page: 276
doi: 10.5644/Radovi.310

Quantitative Determination of Tannins in Plants of Bosnia and Herzegovina
type: item
description: The quality of medicinal herbs containing tannin as an active component depends on the kind and content of tannin. Tannin is determined by using various methods which are usually mentioned in pharmacopoeias. In our paper we examined the content of tannin in plant material using the following methods: a method according to Ph. Yug. II, Ph. Yug III, Ph. Yug IV, a method with casein, a method of precipitation with brucine, and a method of relative astringency (RA) determination (tbl. 1 and 2). Our results showed that the obtained values of the content of tannin depended on the method which was used. Therefore, it is necessary to specify the method with the obtained value for the content of tannin. In spite of numerous examinations of the content of tannin in the plant material which were performed by the authors, it was difficult to determine the best method since, beside tannin, there were other phenolic and also non-phenolic substances in the plant material more or less influencing the content of tannin. The results obtained in this paper contribute to a better knowledge of the analytics and quality of tannin and the plant material which contains tannin as an active component.
subject: Radovi
  topic: section
creator: Jela Grujić-Vasić
creator: Tamara Bosnić
creator: Salko Ramić
creator: Sejfudin Tokić
creator: Sulejman Redžić
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Jela Grujić-Vasić, Tamara Bosnić, Salko Ramić, Sejfudin Tokić, Sulejman Redžić https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
date: 1991-09-13
publication date: 1991-09-13
starting page: 261
ending page: 267
doi: 10.5644/Radovi.309