Uloga virusa B i drugih sličnih virusa u nastanku i razvoju kroničnog hepatitisa, ciroze i primarnog karcinoma jetre
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5644/Radovi.260Abstract
Otkriće tzv. Australia-antigena 1965. godine i kasniji izuzetno brzi razvoj saznanja o virusu hepatitisa B i drugim, danas poznatim virusima, bitno su unaprijedili naše znanje o ulozi ovih agensa u razvoju akutnog i kroničnog hepatitisa, ciroze i primarnog karcinoma jetre.
Uloga hepatitis B virusa u nastanku i razvoju primarnog karcinoma jetre (PKJ) danas je u centru pažnje brojnih istraživača, budući da je sakupljeno dovoljno uvjerljivih dokaza koji govore o udruženosti perzistentne infekcije s hepatitis B virusom i PKJ. — Više različitih činjenica podupiru hipotezu da je perzistentna infekcija hepatitis B virusom potrebna za razvoj većine slučajeva PKJ. To su: dobra geografska korelacija između proširenosti kroničnih nosilaca HBsAg i učestalosti PKJ; značajno veća učestalost HBV-markera medu bolesnicima s PKJ; veći broj nosilaca HBsAg u obiteljima bolesnika s PKJ; nalaz HB,Ag (nešto rjeđe HBcAg) u jetri većine bolesnika s PKJ; integracija virusne DNK u stanice primarnog karcinoma jetre u čovjeka i veoma visoki relativni rizik nosilaca HBsAg da u toku života razviju PKJ.
Ipak, usprkos velikom napretku koji je na tom području u posljednje vrijeme postignut, tačan mehanizam, odnosno precizna sekvenca događaja u patogenezi PKJ još nije utvrđena. PKJ je vjerojatno posljedica zajedničkog djelovanja više faktora, što uključuje genetske, imunološke, nutricione i hormonalne utjecaje, kao i mikotoksine, kemijske karcinogene i druge faktore okoline. Hepatitis B virus djeluje kao karcinogen ili kokarcinogen u inficiranim hepatocitima, odnosno kao „triger“ čitavog niza događaja čiji je konačni rezultat primarni karcinom jetre.
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